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Writing: The National Gain

The National Gain, § 33

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§ 33

I have tried in every way to analyse a single small branch of industry and mentally draft the regulations that ought to be applied to it, but everywhere I have met with insuperable obstacles, when I have not been misled by personal bias, and have thus been unable to make headway, in particular for the reasons outlined in § 11 and the following paragraphs.

On consulting historical precedents, I soon observed that the greater the amount of freedom that has been allowed to exist in any trade, the more rapid has its growth always been and vice versa, and the more equitably that freedom has been distributed, the more naturally have the trades achieved a mutual equilibrium.

The manner in which other states deal with the trades likewise taught me that freedom always turned out to be the measure of their level of development. Wherever I looked, however, I saw self-interest so entrenched in the regulations that it was everywhere difficult and in most places quite impossible to eradicate it.

The more closely I began to measure our trades by the amount of liberty they enjoy, the more I seemed to see the possibility of reviving them; I was liberated from my anxious perplexity about the relative advantages of the trades and the many regulations governing them, a problem, I am quite convinced, that far surpasses the wit of man yet which nature itself so easily resolves.

A single measure, namely that of being able to reduce the number of our regulations, has ever since then become an absorbing subject of research for me, which I would most highly recommend as the principal and most significant one to consider before any new ones are now promulgated.

To find a few collaborators in this effort is the essential purpose of this little treatise. Adversaries worry me not in the slightest. The truth that I have sought is so agreeable that I am pleased merely to have been able to describe it to my fellow citizens: it is immutable and fearless even when the waves drench it in their spray. It can withstand being buried by self-interest in the gravel with which the angry breakers cover it, yet despite all that it remains unshakeable and unalterable.

 

Truth, O truth, your bright rays shining

Penetrate the hardest stone:

Virtue pure is thine alone;

Man’s duplicity declining,

All defining,

Each of us you grant his own.1

 

A Circumstantial Response to the Circumstantial Refutation of the Treatise called The Source of Our Country’s Weakness, published by the Royal Printing-Press, will appear at the earliest opportunity.2


  1. Truth, O truth, your bright rays shining . . .: the verse is from the poem “The Power of Truth” (“Sanningens styrka”) by Olof von Dalin (1708–63), originally included in Dalin’s play The Jealous One (Den afwundsiuke, Comedie i tre öpningar, Stockholm, 1739), and published posthumously in Olof von Dalins Witterhetsarbeten, i bunden och obunden skrifart, vol. 3, Stockholm, 1767.
  2. As is noted in the Commentary to The Source of Our Country’s Weakness (Källan til rikets wan-magt), this pamphlet gave rise to the publication of several refutations, and A Circumstantial Response was Chydenius’s response to these.

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