Kootut teokset | Samlade skrifter | Selected Works
Font size: A A A A


Viewing Options:

§ 8

Such is the general unfairness inherent in certain prescribed annual wages, but on closer inspection of the issue another emerges, almost more appalling than the former, namely that all farmhands are to have the same wages and all maids likewise, without regard to their loyalty, their diligence, their previously acquired knowledge and experience, and their varying physical strength and skills.

As great as are the differences in quality between animals of the same kind of which we make use, so great are certainly those between workers. What would the reader think, when horses are now bought at different prices, from 3 to 100 riksdaler each, if a regulation established the same price for all these animals, regardless of their size, quality and training, on pain of a heavy fine if anyone either demands or offers, pays or receives, anything above or below that? Or let us speak to a shopkeeper and suggest a regulation, procured by those who wish to buy a quantity of fine cloths, that all cloths that are otherwise sold at between 9 daler and 9 plåtar per aln should now command one and the same price, for example 12 daler per aln; would he not call that a manifest injustice? God preserve us from such a law! He who obtained some of the coarse cloth would, because of the regulation, pay 3 daler too much per aln, but all those who took some of the finer sorts would not pay a third or quarter of the value of the commodity. We might well reply to him: it is necessary to prevent the shopkeepers in that way from arbitrarily raising the price of their goods, so that they will not rapidly become wealthy and, owing to their wealth, luxurious; but he would probably respond to us and say: fine cloths can never be offered for sale at that price. If the price is set at a low level, the commodity will also be of a corresponding quality.

It is precisely the same with servants, labour being their commodity, on which the law has set a tariff, and how great is not the difference in their labour: one is busy early and late with his master’s work, is proficient in his duties and is agile and physically strong enough to do whatever task he is set; whereas another, even if knocks and blows may keep him from idleness, is nevertheless unable either to perform his duties or to make headway with them and therefore does not earn his keep. What extreme unfairness is it not, on account of the statute on servants, to pay them the same wages? One is in all fairness receiving too much but the other too little.

This natural unfairness also has a deplorable effect on our servants, inducing in them slothfulness and carelessness: where virtue is not encouraged, where vice is favoured as much as virtue, there one is straining every nerve to create dissolute citizens.

Individual happiness and individual advantage is the true, the effective motive force in the activities of all free people, whereas knocks and blows are really appropriate to slaves. He is a wise ruler who recognizes the need to remove from acquisitiveness the aristocratic fetters in which the self-interest of some has confined them, but a great one if he has the ability to do so. Our statute on servants, with prescribed annual wages, is inevitably bound to create idlers and slack workers, whereas free labour contracts, on the contrary, encourage everyone to make themselves deserving of a greater reward through diligence and loyalty.

You will probably object: should the servants not be told that it is their duty, for the sake of God and their conscience, to be diligent in their tasks? Is it not an impure motive for diligence to display it for one’s own advantage? To that I reply: however pure, however elevated the former motive force may be among those who have a lively understanding of the true power of Christianity, yet the latter is more down to earth and persuasive for physical human beings; it is nature’s own and should thus not be condemned, as it is kept within bounds by virtue and by reasonable restraint on the part of other people. The former may act upon the human heart to its fullest extent, but the latter is inhibited by fixed annual wages, and the ordinance acts in direct opposition to it. In such an absurd manner do we hasten to achieve blissfulness, with sails set quite contrary to each other.

Why, says another, should we discuss fixed annual wages and their harmfulness at such length? Who has actually ever paid the servants on that basis? Who has been able to find servants at the prescribed wage level? Has not one after the other, even the originators and most ardent proponents of fixed annual wages, been obliged to pay wages as high as the servants themselves have been able to command? Why should one then complain about the unfortunate results of that which has never been implemented? Yes, dear reader! Here is a double cause for complaint: one is that the regulation in question actually has been observed in several places for a longer or shorter time, when it has necessarily exercised its effect, and has everywhere so to speak legitimized the same annual wages for vigorous and for lazy workers, a system that the latter have willingly obeyed and the former have been unable to escape, so that it is incredible how much harm it has already caused. The other reason is that however exposed this truth may be and fixed annual wages be directly opposed to all natural equity, yet there are, apart from a number of loudmouths, also some great and perspicacious men in the kingdom who with the best intentions continue to forge these fetters as fast as they are able to in the belief that should they manage to complete the new prison, which they do in all decency try to make as attractive as possible for their fellow beings, they will have performed a real service to humanity and the fatherland. Is it not, then, time to raise questions on this subject among the general public? Is it not, then, necessary to examine it?

 

Previous Section:

Next Section:

Places:

Names:

Biblical references:

Subjects: