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Writing: The Causes of Emigration

The Causes of Emigration, § 30

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§ 30

That constraints also oppress our officials has been demonstrated in § 19, but that these are not caused by the body of workers should be deducible from the immediately preceding one.

It is a perilous situation for the country when honest officials, seeking promotion through merit, begin to complain of injustice. The general public, which has a good opinion of them, is disturbed by such things, and their example makes a deep impression on it.

To forestall this in good time, the Sovereign Power must be circumspect in every regard; moreover, measures are required that stimulate a competition in competence and virtue.

Our constitution expressly states that education shall be encouraged and that with regard to official posts those should be particularly considered who have achieved exemplary qualifications in that respect, so that deserving men will be supported and no foreigners, or still less, people without religion, gain promotion among us. No whippersnappers should be permitted to take precedence, trampling sense and scholarship underfoot and making a mockery of learning; it has cost its possessors many a late hour and much care, while the others have satisfied their desires in indolence, pastimes and sensual pleasures, and without it our native land will within a short time sink into the obscurity of dreadful ignorance.

Men who have served honestly, with care and conscientiousness, should be promoted, not because they have money, for that is indeed the weakest proof of their probity in their previous duties, but rather because they need more of it for their subsistence, as they have not been willing to obtain anything by unjust means, and to become wealthy in any other way than by inheritance is scarcely possible in our time.

If he is therefore to advance himself by means of money, he must in his earlier post make justice venal and ensure delays, so that the price of the commodity will have time to rise, and finally decide the matter in favour of the one who makes the highest bid, so that an office can soon be transformed into an auction room, with the difference that at auctions only the highest bidder pays but here the lower bidders sometimes also have to acknowledge their bids.

May it then be time to become honest again when he has advanced to a higher position by means of money acquired in such manner?

In the words of one of our peerless poets:1

 

But should he change his mind,

too far by then he’s gone,

For having crossed the line,

he has to keep right on.

 

In former times our leaders stood out above the rest by their pious example, and it was not regarded as admirable to promote atheism and moral laxity, and for that reason religion was held in high respect. Those who then felt obliged to engage in religious exercises were given encouragement and licence to do so by the example of their social superiors. But how do things stand now? Religion is either directly associated with one’s office, or else it will be non-existent in most people.

Knowledge of divine matters is required for that, and it also requires practice. Where does one now find a trace of either? The education of most people is arranged from childhood in such a way that they cannot learn much about piety. The parents are delighted if their children can amuse them with long memorized passages from fables and novels, but the fact that they have never seen or read anything of the catechism, the Bible or other pious books causes them little concern.

It is deplorable to see in what spiritual darkness a large proportion of the high-born in particular grow up, without any care taken in that respect. When they are to assume official positions, to what extent is it then investigated whether they possess genuine piety and whether they have taken the Lord’s Holy Communion and other matters relating to devoutness? Many may rather believe it to be a merit to be a mocker of religion, and once that kind of people occupy seats of power, those of a different view are not likely to extol their fate.

How does this come about, you say? Why is supervision in this respect so feeble? Or could it not be improved? Not, in my opinion, unless the Sovereign Power banishes godlessness, stupidity and self-interest, for it is impossible for the vices to be their own prosecutors or judges.


  1. one of our peerless poets: The citation is from the poem “The Despiser of the World” (“Wärldsföraktaren”) by Gustaf Fredrik Gyllenborg (1731–1808). The poem was published in 1762 in a collection of contemporary poetry, Witterhets arbeten II.

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