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Writing: The Causes of Emigration

The Causes of Emigration, § 27

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§ 27

Freedom never exists without causing us to desire it once we know of it: our desires guide us in all our actions. If freedom is greatest in the productive occupations, why are we not especially drawn to them? But when we see that they are short of people and our bureaucracy is overstaffed, it seems undeniable that freedom is too limited in them and too great in the latter.

That is the reason why there are so many on the unattached lists and understudies in every department, so many unemployed clergymen, so many supernumeraries and curates; that is why the number of official posts has to be increased in order to provide them with status and earnings and everyone yearns for promotion. The farmer wants to become a burgher, the burgher a councillor, the councillor a burgomaster, the burgomaster a district magistrate, the district magistrate an assessor, and so on. The farmer and the burgher want their son to be a clergyman, the clergyman his to be a bishop, the bishop his to be a nobleman.

This eventually distorts the shape of society. It becomes large and unwieldy at the top; but the roots and the lower branches languish and rot away, whereby the tree is soon at risk of being blown down by the slightest puff of wind.

If the matter is to be resolved, therefore, and the ruin of the country to be averted in time, the sap must eventually be led back into the root. All disfiguring secondary twigs, which absorb nutrition and never bear fruit, should be broken off, others be lopped and adjusted, but the soil around the roots must be carefully dug over, manured and watered, and one will soon observe that the root becomes stronger and the lower trunk begins to put out new live shoots, which promise to change its appearance within a few years.

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