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Writing: The Causes of Emigration

The Causes of Emigration, § 25

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§ 25

Freedom is the real antidote to oppression, but it is a term with too wide a meaning; it can be both used and misused in innumerable ways and must therefore be applied with great care if it is not to be of more harm than benefit. For the freedom of a few individuals has been the ruin of all states and could also become ours unless it is curbed in time.

We need not dwell upon the freedom in our actual constitution. It is a valuable possession that we never want to lose as long as we and our descendants are called Swedes.

By freedom, as I use the term, I understand the advantage that every citizen ought to possess through a country’s laws and regulations in order to promote his own happiness, as long as he in no way offends against that of his fellow-citizens or society as a whole.

We are all human beings, all tainted by evil desires; all of us therefore need each other’s help and all of us careful supervision. As long as we stand outside society, each one of us deals with his own affairs as he wishes but then also has to face the consequences alone, without protection from anyone, and that freedom is natural. But as soon as we seek the protection of a society, its best interests are also our fundamental law.

We have all voluntarily sworn loyalty to the Swedish Crown, a Crown that is all the dearer to us as it rests on pillars of freedom. No one should therefore lord it over another, no one be another’s slave: all possess the same right, all the same advantage. When that is the case, a citizen possesses everything that he can reasonably wish for or can ever obtain in a well-ordered society; nor will there then be any reason for him to emigrate, but a hundred that will keep him here.

The country is in this respect just like a set of scales. Should the freedom of one or more individuals rise too high in one scale, that is only ever possible by depressing that of the others too far into servitude.

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