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Writing: The Causes of Emigration

The Causes of Emigration, § 2

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§ 2

The Creator has implanted in everyone a desire for perfection; we feel a concern and longing to improve our condition; we always find much in the present that impedes our bliss; all our activities are thus aimed partly at preserving the success that we have achieved and partly at achieving still more. We scarcely take a step without being guided by one of these aims. Whoever denies this proposition has not looked fully into the mainsprings of his own heart or has mistaken the means for his purpose.

The love of God, one’s neighbour and the fatherland are nothing but means towards that end; but in order to make proper use of them, divine and human laws are required.

Bliss is either complete or relative; the former cannot be achieved during our earthly life. The latter is perceived by comparing one’s own condition with that of others. When we evaluate our happiness, therefore, we examine the circumstances of others and those of our own; if we notice that we possess some advantages that another person lacks, we reckon ourselves fortunate, but if we observe them in others and lack them ourselves, we feel the opposite, and then a desire arises in us to achieve the same happiness. The satisfaction of these desires preoccupies us, and we spare neither mental nor physical efforts in the pursuit of it, for they are innate and ineradicable.

When we wish to know the real reason for something, it is in no way enough to limit ourselves to the factors that are always the immediate cause of some action; we must go to the actual source that gives rise to it, stop and consider that and, without haste and preconceived ideas, observe how large the rivulets may eventually become that flow from there. But if we intend to prevent something, we should take care above all not to build an expensive dam at the lower end of a stream with many falls in order to hold back the water. It may at first restrain a turbulent cataract, but as soon as the water has risen above the rim of the dam the stream will become as wide as it was before, and the water rushes along with greater vehemence and roaring more than ever before. Instead, one should examine at its very source, in case the spring itself cannot be dammed, where one can then best channel its flow to one’s advantage.

If we approach the matter in this way, we can hardly miss the correct clue to the question before us.

We shall therefore first consider in general terms the reason why all migrations occur and explain that reason clearly with arguments drawn partly from individual households and partly also from the history of earlier and more recent times; we will then carefully examine whether and in what form such a reason may be present in our fatherland and finally the best means of counteracting it.

One thing alone occurs to me that threatens to bring my efforts to nought: the matter is too sensitive, for to flatter my fatherland in its distressed state would make me unworthy of being born a Swede, and to present a truth, however necessary, as nakedly as it appears to the general public will win no plaudits; but what encourages me is that I may do so in response to such a worthy invitation and to a society that has never yet deserved a reputation for partiality.

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