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Writing: The Causes of Emigration

The Causes of Emigration, § 11

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§ 11

As a third constraint on our cultivable land I regard the fact that it may not be owned by those who have both the inclination and strength to work it with their own hands. There are large Crown domains, officers’ estates and taxed freehold farms, most of them owned by absentee landlords or else looked after by subordinates who do not possess the interest, knowledge or energy to improve the land, or else they are let on short leases.

In any case, an excessively large proportion of Swedish arable and pasture land forms part of such farms. Few of their proprietors derive the wealth and utility from them that they could and should provide, causing a substantial loss to the country. Managers, farm bailiffs and foremen are generally in charge of them. They look after other people’s business without close and strict supervision. Their indolence, extravagance and fraudulence may year by year reduce the incomes that could otherwise be substantially increased.

In order to forestall that evil, others lease out their land for a certain number of years, but the leaseholder, who then knows when he is due to leave, is constantly aware of that when he is to undertake anything; he always seeks to gain the greatest profit for himself and cares least of all about what he will leave to his successor. In that way many thousands of acres of arable and pasture land are neglected, and the country people, who are both able and willing to improve the land, are not even allowed to turn their hands to doing so, although they would gladly pay the owner if only the land were left in the permanent possession of its cultivators.

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