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Writing: American Birchbark Boats

American Birchbark Boats, Gratulation

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To the Author.

My gracious Cousin!1

Within half a century the applied arts in our dear fatherland have gained more from nature than our ancestors’ sharp swords were able to obtain during several centuries. We see with no less astonishment than pleasure our dry, stony hillsides changed into fruitful fields. We see our boggy marshes and fens transformed into green meadows and pleasant pastures. Foreign luxury is not seen in our splendid houses and clothes, for they are embellished by domestic manufacturing. The clatter of our handicrafts sounds more enchanting in our ears than the clash of weapons and the thunderous gunshots of our ancestors. The foreigner who visits our ports recovers what he formerly lent us, in the form of all manner of raw materials. Who, after so many victories, could doubt that the remainder will succumb to us? Among the greatest impediments that can now obstruct us, one would reasonably include that of a restricted internal commerce. My Cousin, I am hardly able to increase your acclaim, for with regard to your solid erudition, uncommon wit and decent habits you have many a learned and impartial judge; yet I must praise your admirable zeal for the common welfare. We know with what skill, at the University of Uppsala, you have defended the cleaning up of our rivers2 and the means thereto which you have suggested. Now you present us with an in every way convenient vessel, to be used in those and other waters, for the maintenance and improvement of commerce. It fills me with very great pleasure when I observe you, my Cousin, so commendably using your knowledge for the common good, and my pleasure will be increased many times over when I shall see your merit and ability rewarded. In the mean time, my Cousin, I wish you much joy for the green laurel that will soon adorn your head. Constantly favour, my Cousin, one who shall always with sincere affection be found to be

the most faithful friend and servant of my gracious Cousin

Johan Welin


  1. Johan Welin’s mother Christina Hornæa and Anders Chydenius’ mother Hedvig Hornæa were sisters.
  2. defended the cleaning up of our rivers: Refers to the disputation De navigatione per flumina & lacus patriæ, promovenda of Anders Chydenius’ brother Samuel Chydenius, for which Anders Chydenius acted as respondent at Uppsala university in the summer of 1751. The dredging of rivers was an important national undertaking, in which the state invested throughout the eighteenth century.

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