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Writing: A Remedy for the Country

A Remedy for the Country, § 26

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§ 26

Third, the lowering of the exchange rate is harmful to private individuals who borrow from the Bank and creates significant inequality between one subject of the Realm and another.

For while everyone else who has holdings in banknotes sees them increased by almost 100 per cent by the fall in the rate, those who have borrowed from the Bank will lose if they are obliged to repay their loans with banknotes amounting to the same number of daler that they owe the Bank.

I willingly admit that some of them have in times past acquired large properties by speculation with the help of loans from the Bank and therefore need not be pitied at all, but one should also know that this sort of luck has not befallen all borrowers. I know of many who have mortgaged their sole, properly acquired property to the Bank and then used the capital thus acquired to purchase another property at a time when the prices for them were at their highest.

Few properties yield a rent higher than what is annually absorbed by interest on the loan; when the principal has to be paid back, for which purpose the borrower is obliged to sell his new property, although its price has according to the exchange rate fallen to less than half its value in daler, he is unable, with the value of the new property, to pay more than half of the sum that he had used to purchase it and must therefore use his old property instead, which, if it is of the same value as the new one, will be wholly used up in repaying his debt to the Bank in daler, and he who may have innocently and by consent of the Sovereign Power entered into this transaction is driven away from all of it, like the sparrow from the ear of grain, simply because of the lowering of the exchange rate.

The same lamentable fate also inevitably awaits all private debtors throughout the kingdom who happen to have taken loans or bought on credit when the exchange rate was high and have not yet been able to pay off their creditors. What lamentation will there not be on that account among our debt-burdened manufacturers, merchants, ironmasters, farmers, craftsmen and all poor people, whether they are in debt to a native or to a foreigner, when, apart from interest charges, they have to pay their creditors twice as much as they have actually borrowed. While the exchange rate was rising, it mostly affected the capitalists; but they also had the strength to absorb the blow, whereas on the contrary now, when the rate is to be forced down, it is the poor producer in the state that is affected, and with him the essential strength of the state. There can be few these days who are free from debt, so that when the pain begins to be felt generally, we shall undoubtedly hear the voice of the nation concerning the plan of operation that many at present, out of ignorance, either instinctively approve of or look upon with indifference.

It will never do to be insensitive to the misfortunes of fellow citizens.

 

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