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Writing: A Remedy for the Country

A Remedy for the Country, § 21

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§ 21

When, second, one considers the manner in which our immense stock of banknotes has come into general circulation, namely by loans, partly to the Crown and partly also to private individuals, and as no one can say that either of them actually received larger loans from the Bank than what they could immediately have exchanged its notes for sums of riksdaler or valid bills of exchange, then it would also seem to be contrary to equity and common practice in all commerce and lending were they to be obliged, in the event that they did not possess promissory notes of the same Bank with which to repay the loan, which by the way they had not been obliged to do, and, against the laws of humankind or of nature, to repay their loans with a larger quantity of silver or commodities than they would have been able to obtain with those promissory notes of the Bank.

Third, if the Bank is held to be duty bound to apply such a level of redemption at a par rate, then the borrowers similarly are entitled to repay their loans at the same rate.

If that is denied, it is obvious that the funds of the Bank must become an innocent victim of the profit of a few, unless it is able to call its customers to account, in the same way as it is itself called to account by note-holders. But if that is conceded, then borrowers are likely to provide the clearest evidence to the general public of what kind of fairness they are dealt in this respect.

And as the Crown is the very greatest among them, having obtained most of the loans at a high rate for the war and having had to use them to purchase expensive bills of exchange on the Stock Exchange for the needs of the army, the nation itself should one day be entitled to ask how the Bank can demand in payment for the principal it has lent out more riksdaler than the Crown would have been able to purchase for its notes.

If the Estates have established an annually falling exchange rate – that is, an annual rise in the value of the circulating banknotes – then the borrower is entitled, in the same way as everyone else, to benefit from the rise in their value and can therefore in no way be obliged in the meantime to repay his loan in banknotes. It is only fair that the Bank should be content to receive payment in silver or riksdaler at the present high rate. For example, if my debt to the Bank were 10,000 daler kmt and I actually possessed such a large sum in banknotes, who could deny me the right, along with others, to wait for a par rate for these notes and instead repay my debt this year at a rate of 70 mark with 571 3/7 riksdaler? If I hold the banknotes until the rate reaches 36 mark a few years later, I shall be able to receive 1,111 1/9 riksdaler from the Bank for the same sum of banknotes for which I have paid it 571 3/7 riksdaler. The unfairness of this thus appears to be obvious.

 

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