Kootut teokset | Samlade skrifter | Selected Works
Writing: A Remedy for the Country

A Remedy for the Country, § 16

Previous Section:

Next Section:

Font size: A A A A


Viewing Options:

§ 16

The first thing to be examined now is therefore whether such a devaluation1 is impossible to implement. For that purpose I must first point out something that can scarcely be gainsaid by anyone, namely that banknotes are nowadays almost the only available currency in all domestic commerce or enterprise, apart from a few slant and pjäs coins used as small change, and that therefore any changes made in regard to the banknotes would apply immediately to almost all the currency of the realm, from which it also follows that if any arrangements were adopted by which the banknotes could not be profitably used in productive occupations and enterprises, the country would at once be entirely deprived of money.

In the next place, I hope people may agree with me that the tale-value of the paper currency has now been raised by 100 per cent compared to what the numerical value of the daler stood for in 1735 and the time before then or, what amounts to the same thing, the value of the daler number on the banknote has been debased.

I spoke too soon, dear reader! This is precisely what is likely to be disputed first. I must therefore prove my proposition. The tale-value is said to be raised when the impression on the coin shows a higher figure than that formerly used to express its intrinsic value.

For example, when copper first began to be struck into plåtar during the last century, it was minted at 187½ daler per skeppund, but from 1661 to 1665 the same amount of copper was used to strike 225, then 270 and in 1675 300 daler and finally, at the beginning of this century, 540 daler per skeppund, during which time, or within one century, the tale-value was raised, or the copper daler fell, by almost 200 per cent. That is to say, if one wished to purchase a skeppund of copper, which at the beginning of the last century was worth 187½ daler, one had to pay 540 daler for it in this century. It is exactly the same with the paper currency; when it first began to be issued, each daler represented one-ninth of a riksdaler, but when the Bank began to honour its promissory notes in inferior coin and finally only with new promissory notes, it was inevitable that the daler denomination on the note must be debased; that is, that a larger number of paper daler and mark than of the original daler were necessarily required to purchase a riksdaler or a skeppund of copper and all other commodities. And because of the nature of commerce, it must be just as impossible to make the original daler and the present paper daler equal to each other, simply because they all bear the same denomination in daler kmt that they had in the last century, as it is for the same reason to make all copper plåtar and daler worth the same. To speak of an exchange rate of 70 or 80 mark or say that the riksdaler is sold at 18 daler, to debit the Wäxel-Associerade2 many more paper daler than shown in the impression on the exported plåtar and yet to assert that a 6-daler note represents a 6-daler plåt and a nine-daler note one silver riksdaler is so incomprehensible that I cannot possibly fathom it. And still less to read an ordinance recently issued by the Sovereign Power, that the riksdaler is worth 70 mark or 17½ daler in banknotes, and yet deny that the tale-value of the paper daler has been raised.


  1. devaluation: during the eighteenth century the concepts of falling and rising exchange rates were reversed compared to how we see matters today. Chydenius here means that the exchange rate was lowered. Today we would speak of a revaluation, since the value of money increased.
  2. the Wäxel-Associerade: “Exchange Bill Offices” refers to a group of influential merchants, who during the years 1747–56 and 1758–61 were commissioned by the state and with financial aid from the same to try to improve the value of Swedish money. In practice this was done by taking up foreign loans and using the money to draw bills abroad. The operations of the wäxel-contoir in 1758–61 failed completely and contributed to the defeat of the Hat party in the Diet elections of 1765. Many held the persons who had taken part in the operations of the Exchange Bill Offices responsible for the deplorable economic state of the Swedish realm. Initially Anders Chydenius also held this view, being under the strong influence of his intellectual father-figure Anders Nordencrantz at the time.

Original documents

Previous Section:

Next Section:

Places:

Names:

Biblical references:

Subjects: