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Writing: Answer to the Question on Rural Trade

Answer to the Question on Rural Trade, § 7

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§ 7

Various objections may be raised against these obvious truths. It is said that the example given of a region that lies 6 mil from a market town is not suitable as evidence of the utility of the rural trade in rural areas that lie closer to some town; and as few areas are as remote as that, the utility of the rural trade will also be rather limited. But against that I would argue, first, that in the less populated provinces of the realm there are whole parishes and villages that are situated 8, 10, 15 and 20 mil and more from the nearest market town, in which case the transport of the goods by the owner will be even more expensive than in my computation. Second, this calculation also applies to the rural areas that are nearer, only with a certain reduction in the expenses, always in proportion to their increasing proximity to the town, until it becomes almost negligible closest to the town, just as in a medium-sized town it is already reckoned a waste of time and expense in the case of various necessities to have to go to the other end of the town to fetch them.

It is also alleged against the rural trade that, as a result of such buying agents, the price of rural products is raised quite excessively for the town­dweller, when rural traders bid against each other for them and compete with one another, whereby the commodities required for the manufactures from the countryside are also made more expensive and their products correspondingly dearer, whereas those rural commodities would be available at lower prices in the marketplace. My response to that is: if the true interest of the kingdom as a whole consists in the availability of rural commodities at a reasonable price in the marketplace, then the conclusion is warranted, but if the countryman is as much a free Swedish subject as the town-dweller and the manufacturer, he would seem as entitled as them to seek the highest price for his commodities, and when that is denied him, every impartial person must conclude that he is deprived of the security and freedom that the King has sworn to secure for his subjects in their property, and then the name of freedom will have little meaning for him.

If the price of the country’s produce rises owing to the rural traders, that will become the natural value of these commodities. And those manufactures that do not pay their way without depressing the price of rural commodities must always be harmful to the country. As rational people, those traders must expect to recover their costs; if they do not, then such agents will not trade for long but will soon be replaced by more circumspect rural traders. Whatever reduction in the price that the country people now receive for their commodities compared to what they would receive if buyers were allowed to visit them is the first loss that the rural population suffers in this connection. The second is the difference in the cost of cartage to the town when they themselves took their goods there and when the agent did so, which in the examples given amounts to a half and a third of the overall value of the commodity.

What is one to say about this? A ruler of an autocratic state has the power to impose on his subjects, for the support and security of himself and the realm, expenditure at such a level as he decides is necessary; but whether he is entitled to force them to sell their commodities below cost price and to squander half or a third of that for no good reason or on unnecessary journeys I firmly believe to be a question that those who surround the persons of princes should allow them to answer themselves. On my part I sincerely confess that in my view I cannot but ascribe that loss to the prohibitions issued against the rural trade, which is likely to amount to several millions annually if applied across the entire kingdom, a loss that, by allowing a free and unrestricted trade to anyone, even in the countryside, will immediately cease and, especially in the most remote areas, turn into a clear profit.

 

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