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Writing: Answer to the Question on Rural Trade

Answer to the Question on Rural Trade, § 12

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§ 12

It is also quite certain that if all our restrictive laws had been observed to the letter, the present figures for the population and quantity of commodities in the country, and thus its real strength, would have been one­third lower than they are now. For that reason, one has been obliged, partly by means of new permits, to exempt a number of commodities from the general prohibitions and partly also by conducting some rural trade covertly, especially with regard to those aspects of it that have been seen to contribute directly to the pleasures and necessary requirements of the associations and of the legislative authority; little attention is paid to what the rest suffer.

One could see, and easily appreciate, that if the Butchers’ Guild had not been allowed to send its agents out to buy beef cattle in the provinces, the towns could scarcely have been provided with enough meat. Had people from Västerbotten and Västernorrland not been given the freedom to travel around the county and buy the fowls that are to be carried to Stockholm, not many loads of fowl would have got there. Were fish­buyers, with their corves, not allowed to conduct rural trade, little of that commodity would be available. Nor could much fresh herring be salted in the salting-houses at Gothenburg and Marstrand unless rural traders who bought the commodity from the fishermen and sold it to the salting­houses were tolerated. For that reason, one has been obliged to meet these and other indispensable needs by making exceptions to the rural-trade law, which, although little attention is generally paid to this, I believe provides me with a new and irrefutable proof of the utility of rural trade to the kingdom.

When a shortage of some commodity is noticed or feared, the rural trader is allowed to set off to find it, pay for it and bring it back. What happens? If it is at all possible, he will not return empty-handed; in that way the rural trade has now supplied the town of Stockholm with many thousand loads of fowl, many thousand oxen and a daily supply of fresh fish, all of which will largely cease to appear the moment such rural trade is obstructed. As it is thus obvious that the rural trade and nothing else is able to provide such a large town with its basic necessities, no more powerful means can be imagined of encouraging industriousness and increasing the quantity of commodities than that very enterprise.

Yes! I am told, it may be useful in certain permitted sectors, but one must not for that reason draw the same conclusion about rural trade in general. But, dear reader, does it not deal in butter, tallow, handicrafts, flax, hemp and other things just as much as in oxen and fowl? Are they not also in demand? Do they not likewise form part of the overall amount of commodities in the country? One and the same means, namely the rural trade, cannot have self­contradictory effects: having on the one hand increased the amount of commodities, and thereby the strength of the kingdom, it must tend to have the same effect in all cases.

 

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