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Writing: American Birchbark Boats

American Birchbark Boats, § 5

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§. 5.

All the circumstances that make these birchbark boats in America indispensable for the French also make their usefulness among us quite undeniable. Are not most of our Finnish parishes so widely dispersed that the inhabitants are unable to get to church in the summer, or at least only with incredible difficulty, due to the many intervening transitions between water and land? These, however, they could easily overcome, if they only brought such a birchbark boat with them. How many farmsteads are there not that have one or more lakes for fishing-waters, though they cannot reach these without building a separate vessel by each of them? But how easily could a man not take a small birchbark boat with him, first to one lake, then to the next, and thus carry on his fishing whenever and in whichever of them he might prefer. But what is most important: How much would these boats not contribute to the furthering of commercial activities in our sparsely inhabited Finland? Our country is after all as densely studded as almost any region in the world with lakes and rivers, larger and smaller, but the former are often separated by some so-called watersheds a quarter of a mile or more in width. The latter again have some steep rapids and waterfalls that often prevent all movement along the rivers. Both would be quite conveniently overcome by our birchbark boats. For both in the case of such watersheds and of difficult waterfalls the boat could, in the same way as the cargo itself, be carried over or around them. It is also obvious that these vessels could much more easily be dragged up and down the slip-ways (plana inclinata) that are used alongside troublesome falls than our ordinary boats. It is noteworthy that at Niagara in North America, between the lakes Ontario and Erie, one has to carry the boats as far as six quarters of a mile overland, and that over three very high and fairly steep hills, as one could not possibly travel those six quarter miles by boat, partly due to the strong current, which in an instant would overturn the largest and strongest boat, partly because of the great Niagara fall, which is, if not the highest, nonetheless the greatest in all the world, where all the water that flows from lakes Superior, Huron, Michigan and Erie, each of which is not much less in size than the Baltic Sea, cascades down a precipice of somewhat more than 70 ells in vertical height. When our Praeses visited that fall he saw with astonishment how easily a birchbark boat six fathoms in length was carried those six quarters of a mile by seven men, who turned the boat upside down, lifted its gunwale onto their shoulders and ran with it so fast that our Praeses had difficulty, though carrying nothing, in keeping up with them. It would also be misguided to doubt the possibility of going up and down the rapids themselves with these, as long as all prudent measures were to be undertaken in clearing out the rivers, staking out the deepest middle third of waterways and so on.

Who does not also see how convenient these birchbark boats would be, in the case of any hostilities, both for conducting reconnaissance patrols and for transporting troops? etc.

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